Peru PE
Latin America & Caribbean · Upper middle income · capital Lima
- Population
- 34,576,665
- 2025
- GDP
- $334.9 billion
- 2025
- Life expectancy
- 77.9 y
- 2024
In the live services
| corpus | rows for this country |
|---|---|
| recipes | 10 |
| legal | 650 |
Geospatial extent
Bounding box -81.34°–-68.68° E, -18.34°–-0.03° N · centroid -9.18, -75.01 · source natural-earth-1:110m
Map © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Extent only; no cadastre or address data.
Top research institutions
- National University of San Marcos — 38,861 works · ROR · site
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú — 29,599 works · ROR · site
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia — 17,860 works · ROR · site
- Universidad César Vallejo — 16,862 works · ROR · site
- International Potato Center — 9,738 works · ROR · site
OpenAlex works counts; not a quality ranking.
Legal system
civil law system
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json)
Measured indicators
| indicator | value | year | source |
|---|---|---|---|
| account_ownership | 59.3 | 2024 | World Bank FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS |
| Account ownership (% age 15+) | 59.3 | 2024 | World Bank |
| Agricultural land (% of land) | 19.0 | 2024 | World Bank |
| air_freight | 299.2 | 2023 | World Bank IS.AIR.GOOD.MT.K1 |
| Air passengers carried | 17,717,402.5 | 2023 | World Bank |
| airline_routes_departures | 182.0 | 2026 | OpenFlights route database |
| airports_openflights | 43.0 | 2026 | OpenFlights airport database |
| airports_total | 125,564.0 | 2023 | World Bank IS.AIR.DPRT |
| armed_forces_pct | 0.9 | 2020 | World Bank MS.MIL.TOTL.TF.ZS |
| armed_forces_personnel | 158,000.0 | 2020 | World Bank MS.MIL.TOTL.P1 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) | 90,000,000.0 | 2025 | World Bank |
| arrivals | 1,119,000.0 | 2020 | World Bank ST.INT.ARVL |
| atm_per_100k | 135.0 | 2024 | World Bank FB.ATM.TOTL.P5 |
| bank_branches_p5 | 4.5 | 2024 | World Bank FB.CBK.BRCH.P5 |
| bank_capital_ratio_pct | 11.7 | 2024 | World Bank FB.BNK.CAPA.ZS |
| bank_capital_to_assets_pct | 11.7 | 2024 | World Bank FB.BNK.CAPA.ZS |
| basic_water_pct | 95.6 | 2024 | World Bank |
| Battle-related deaths (UCDP) | 5.0 | 2020 | World Bank |
| B-READY business entry (0-100) | 68.7 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY business insolvency (0-100) | 52.9 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY business location (0-100) | 61.2 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY dispute resolution (0-100) | 51.9 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY financial services (0-100) | 79.8 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY international trade (0-100) | 45.6 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY labour (0-100) | 69.6 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY market competition (0-100) | 67.4 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY Pillar 3 operational efficiency (0-100) | 54.9 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY Pillar 2 public services (0-100) | 63.2 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY Pillar 1 regulatory framework (0-100) | 68.3 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY taxation (0-100) | 49.6 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| B-READY utility services (0-100) | 74.5 | 2025 | World Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025, keyless public dataset |
| broad_money_growth | 9.3 | 2022 | World Bank FM.LBL.BMNY.ZG |
| broad_money_pct | 61.6 | 2022 | World Bank FM.LBL.BMNY.GD.ZS |
| broad_money_pct_gdp | 61.6 | 2022 | World Bank FM.LBL.BMNY.GD.ZS |
| budget_debt_pct_gdp | 35.2 | 2021 | World Bank |
| budget_expense_pct_gdp | 22.8 | 2021 | World Bank |
| central_gov_debt_pct_gdp | 35.2 | 2021 | World Bank GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS |
| cereal_tonnes | 5,923,490.5 | 2024 | World Bank AG.PRD.CREL.MT |
| che_gdp_pct | 5.6 | 2023 | WHO Global Health Observatory GHED_CHEGDP_SHA2011 |
| che_per_capita_usd | 445.5 | 2023 | WHO Global Health Observatory GHED_CHE_pc_US_SHA2011 |
| child_stunting_pct | 11.5 | 2023 | World Bank World Development Indicators (2026) |
| claims_on_central_gov | -0.6 | 2024 | World Bank FS.AST.CGOV.GD.ZS |
| clean_fuels_cooking | 93.0 | 2024 | World Bank EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS |
| Clinical trials involving this country (ClinicalTrials.gov) | 1,385.0 | 2026 | ClinicalTrials.gov v2 (country from trial locations) |
| container_port_traffic | 3,477,011.0 | 2024 | World Bank IS.SHP.GOOD.TU |
| container_traffic_teu | 40.4 | 2021 | World Bank IS.SHP.GCNW.XQ |
| contradictions_total | 2.0 | 2026 | encyclopedia.db prose claim graph (precision-gated advisory; P17/P27 subject) |
| cpi | 165.5 | 2025 | World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL |
| crime_unodc_cts_admin_justice_judges_or_magistrates | 793.0 | 2013 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/Admin_Justice_Module_web.xlsx |
| crime_unodc_cts_admin_justice_judges_or_magistrates_rate | 2.6 | 2013 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/Admin_Justice_Module_web.xlsx |
| crime_unodc_cts_assault | 16,360.0 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Assault.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_assault_rate | 56.9 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Assault.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_burglary_cts_2011_burglary | 3,992.0 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Burglary.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_burglary_cts_2011_burglary_rate | 13.9 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Burglary.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_burglary_cts_2011_domestic_burglary | 2,342.0 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Burglary.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_burglary_cts_2011_domestic_burglary_rate | 8.1 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Burglary.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_drug_crimes_data_total_drug_related_crime | 9,597.0 | 2006 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/Drug_related_crimes.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_drug_crimes_data_total_drug_related_crime_rate | 34.9 | 2006 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/Drug_related_crimes.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_kidnapping | 726.0 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Kidnapping.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_kidnapping_rate | 2.5 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Kidnapping.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_robbery | 48,785.0 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Robbery.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_robbery_rate | 169.6 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Robbery.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_sexual_violence_cts_2011_rape | 6,751.0 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Sexual_violence.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_sexual_violence_cts_2011_rape_rate | 23.5 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Sexual_violence.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_sexual_violence_cts_2011_sv_against_children | 2,109.0 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Sexual_violence.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_sexual_violence_cts_2011_sv_against_children_rate | 7.3 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Sexual_violence.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_theft | 49,477.0 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Theft.xls |
| crime_unodc_cts_theft_rate | 172.0 | 2009 | https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/CTS12_Theft.xls |
| crime_unodc_intentional_homicide_victims | 12.1 | 2016 | https://data.humdata.org/dataset/dcfea0b9-3f1d-47d8-b118-5207bc6149b5/resource/da23d592-5bc9-4068-aaaf-844cf914faca/download/homicide_report_total_and_sex.xlsx |
| crop_production_idx | 133.0 | 2024 | World Bank AG.PRD.CROP.XD |
| cts_assault_count | 3,073.0 | 2024 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| cts_assault_rate | 9.0 | 2024 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| cts_homicide_count | 2,853.0 | 2021 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| cts_homicide_rate | 8.6 | 2021 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| cts_homicide_suspects | 2,233.0 | 2022 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| cts_robbery_count | 108,801.0 | 2024 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| cts_robbery_rate | 318.0 | 2024 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| cts_sexual_violence_count | 10,416.0 | 2022 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| cts_sexual_violence_rate | 31.1 | 2022 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| Ease of doing business rank (archived DB2020) | 76.0 | 2020 | World Bank Doing Business archive (DB2020 revised, project discontinued 2021) |
| showing 80 of 108,245 measured series — full list: CSV · JSON | |||
Language
English canonical body. 309 name labels held (Wikidata). Missing languages are absent, not machine-translated.
- ab Перу
- ace Pèru
- ady Перу
- aeb-arab پيرو
- af Peru
- alt Перу
- am ፔሩ
- ami Peru
- an Perú
- ang Peru
- anp पेरु
- ar بيرو
- ary پيرو
- arz بيرو
- as পেৰু
- ast Perú
- avk Perua
- awa पेरू
- ay Piruw
- az Peru
- azb پرو
- ba Перу
- ban Péru
- bar Peru
- bcl Peru
- be Перу
- be-tarask Пэру
- bew Péru
- bg Перу
- bho पेरू
- bi Peru
- blk ပီရူးခမ်းထီ
- bm Peru
- bn পেরু
- bo པེ་རུ།
- bpy পেরু
- br Perou
- bs Peru
- bxr Перу
- ca Perú
- cbk-zam Peru
- cdo Peru
- ce Перу
- ceb Peru
- ch Perú
- chy Peru
- ckb پێروو
- co Perù
- crh Peru
- crh-latn Peru
- cs Peru
- csb Perú
- cv Перу
- cy Periw
- da Peru
- dag Peru
- de Peru
- de-at Peru
- de-ch Peru
- diq Peru
- dsb Peru
- dty पेरू
- dv ޕެރޫ
- dz པེ་རུ།
- ee Peru
- el Περού
- en Peru
- en-ca Peru
- en-gb Peru
- en-us Peru
- eo Peruo
- es Perú
- es-419 Perú
- et Peruu
- eu Peru
- ext Perú
- fa پرو
- ff Peru
- fi Peru
- fj Peru
- fo Peru
- fr Pérou
- frp Pèrou
- frr Peruu
- fur Perù
- fy Perû
- ga Peiriú
- gag Peru
- gcr Pérou
- gd Pearù
- gl Perú
- glk پرۊ
- gn Perũ
- gom पेरू
- gom-deva पेरू
- gom-latn Peru
- got 𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿
- gpe Peru
- gsw Peru
- gu પેરુ
- guc Peruu
- gv y Pheroo
- ha Peru
- hak Peru
- haw Pelu
- he פרו
- hi पेरू
- hif Peru
- hr Peru
- hsb Peru
- ht Pewou
- hu Peru
- hy Պերու
- hyw Փերու
- ia Peru
- iba Peru
- id Peru
- ie Perú
- ig Peru
- ilo Peru
- io Peru
- is Perú
- it Perù
- iu ᐱᕉ
- ja ペルー
- jam Peruu
- jbo lo gugdepu'e
- jv Pèru
- ka პერუ
- kaa Peru
- kab Piru
- kbd Перу
- kbp Peruu
- kea Perú
- kg Peru
- kge Peru
- ki Peru
- kk Перу
- kl Peru
- km ប៉េរូ
- kn ಪೆರು
- knc Peru
- ko 페루
- ko-kp 뻬루
- krc Перу
- ks پیروٗ
- ku Perû
- kv Перу
- kw Perou
- ky Перу
- la Peruvia
- lad Peru
- lb Peru
- lez Перу
- lfn Peru
- lg Peru
- li Peru
- lij Perù
- lld Peru
- lmo Perù
- ln Peru
- lo ປະເທດເປຣູ
- lrc پرو
- lt Peru
- ltg Peru
- lv Peru
- lzh 祕魯
- mad Peru
- map-bms Peru
- mdf Пэру
- mg Però
- mhr Перу
- mi Perū
- min Peru
- mk Перу
- ml പെറു
- mn Перу
- mni ꯄꯦꯔꯨ
- mr पेरू
- mrj Перу
- ms Peru
- mt Perù
- mwl Peru
- my ပီရူးနိုင်ငံ
- mzn پرو
- na Peru
- nah Pelon
- nan Peru
- nap Perù
- nb Peru
- nds Peru
- nds-nl Peru
- ne पेरू
- new पेरु
- nl Peru
- nn Peru
- nov Peru
- nrm Pérou
- nso Peru
- nup Peru
- nv Dibénééz Bikéyah
- ny Peru
- oc Peró
- olo Peru
- om Peeruu
- or ପେରୁ
- os Перу
- pa ਪੇਰੂ
- pag Peru
- pam Peru
- pap Peru
- pcd Pérou
- pi पेरु
- pih Peruu
- pl Peru
- pms Perù
- pnb پیرو
- ps پيرو
- pt Peru
- pt-br Peru
- qu Piruw
- qug Piruw
- rm Peru
- rmy Peru
- ro Peru
- ru Перу
- rue Перу
- rw Peru
- sa पेरु
- sah Перу
- sat ᱯᱮᱨᱩ
- sc Perù
- scn Perù
- sco Peru
- sd پيرو
- se Peru
- sgs Perū
- sh Peru
- shn မိူင်းပေႇရူႉ
- si පේරූ
- sk Peru
- sl Peru
- sm Peru
- smn Peru
- sms Peru
- sn Peru
- so Peru
- sq Peruja
- sr Перу
- sr-ec Перу
- sr-el Peru
- ss IPheru
- stq Peru
- su Péru
- sv Peru
- sw Peru
- syl ꠙꠦꠞꠥ
- szl Peru
- szy Peru
- ta பெரு
- tay Peru
- te పెరూ
- tet Perú
- tg Перу
- th ประเทศเปรู
- tk Peru
- tl Peru
- tly Peru
- to Pelū
- tok ma Pelu
- tpi Peru
- tr Peru
- trv Peru
- tt Перу
- tum Peru
- tw Peru
- udm Перу
- ug پېرۇ
- uk Перу
- ur پیرو
- uz Peru
- vec Perù
- vep Peru
- vi Perú
- vls Peru
- vo Peruvän
- vro Peruu
- wa Perou
- war Perú
- wo Peru
- wuu 秘鲁
- xal Перумудин Орн
- xh Peru
- xmf პერუ
- yi פערו
- yo Perú
- yue 秘魯
- za Biluj
- zea Peru
- zh 秘鲁
- zh-cn 秘鲁
- zh-hans 秘鲁
- zh-hant 秘魯
- zh-hk 秘魯
- zh-mo 秘魯
- zh-my 秘鲁
- zh-sg 秘鲁
- zh-tw 秘魯
- zu i-Peru
Lane coverage
| lane | status | what exists |
|---|---|---|
| patents · service | YELLOW · partial | patent application counts (residents + non-residents) from the World Bank/WIPO series; patent documents are not ingested source |
| legal · service | YELLOW · partial | 650 primary-law documents, 649 with full text mirrored (newest 2023); corpus covers this jurisdiction's official texts, not every instrument ever made source |
| alerts · service | GREEN · ingested | 0 alerts in current GDACS/USGS window (measured, not an all-clear). | 2026-10-29 audit: VERIFIED COMPLETE — full current GDACS (125) + USGS (284) window (409 alert rows) with per-record metadata. Kept green. source |
| defense · service | GREEN · ingested | military expenditure (% of GDP), SIPRI series via World Bank; not procurement, capabilities or intent source |
| space · service | YELLOW · partial | no orbital launch site in this country in the GCAT launch log (1942-2026) source |
| maps · service | GREEN · ingested | Natural Earth 1:10m boundary + centroid + bbox area computed (231.7 deg2); no cadastre, address data or navigation map. GADM L0 fallback: ok (gadm41_PER_0.json). | 2026-10-29 audit: VERIFIED COMPLETE — Natural Earth 1:10m boundary + GADM L0 fallback for every mapped country; complete geodata record set. Kept green. source |
| passport · service | GLOBAL · service live | pass.go-v.org is live; per-country identity documents are NOT ingested source |
| research · service | GREEN · ingested | 117,243 scholarly works since 2021 with authoring institutions here (OpenAlex); a publication index, not a quality ranking source |
| economy · service | GREEN · ingested | GDP per capita, current US$ (World Bank); not a cost-of-living or inequality measure source |
| health · service | GREEN · ingested | life expectancy at birth, World Bank; not a health system performance rating source |
| education · service | YELLOW · partial | primary school enrolment (% gross), World Bank; tertiary data is shown when available source |
| energy · service | GREEN · ingested | access to electricity (% of population), World Bank source |
| water · service | YELLOW · partial | at least basic drinking water (% of population), World Bank/WHO; safely managed data shown when available source |
| connectivity · service | YELLOW · partial | fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people, World Bank/ITU; internet-user share shown when available source |
| crime | GREEN · ingested | stale data (2021) intentional homicides per 100,000 people (UNODC series via World Bank); recorded homicides only source |
| conflict | YELLOW · partial | stale data (2020) battle-related deaths (UCDP series via World Bank); one definition of armed conflict, not all violence source |
| business | YELLOW · partial | newly registered limited-liability companies (World Bank/IC.BUS.NREG); not a company register source |
| science | GREEN · ingested | stale data (2023) OpenAlex institutions snapshot 2026-10: 191 institutions, works counted per country; CC0 1.0. source |
| prison | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full World Prison Brief prison corpus. source |
| interpol | YELLOW · partial | 13 public Interpol Red Notice(s) in the 2026-11-08T00:47:49Z snapshot list a national of this country. Not a crime rate; Interpol controls/withdraws notices and the unfiltered public API is capped, so the set is incomplete. source |
| arms | YELLOW · partial | SIPRI arms-transfer trend indicator values (imports and exports) via the World Bank; TIV is a trend measure, not currency source |
| sanctions | GREEN · ingested | OFAC SDN 0 + UN consolidated 0 + EU 0 designation reference(s), snapshot 2026-10-26; counts are list references (text/code attribution), not convictions or proof of activity; 0 is a measured zero against these three ingested lists | 2026-10-29 audit: VERIFIED COMPLETE — full OFAC SDN (19,471), UN consolidated (1,001) and EU (11,154) designation lists with per-record metadata (snapshot 2026-10-26). Kept green. source |
| agriculture | GREEN · ingested | agricultural land (% of land area), World Bank/FAO source |
| food | YELLOW · partial | prevalence of undernourishment (%), World Bank/FAO; a modelled estimate, not a survey of every household source |
| labor | YELLOW · partial | unemployment (% of labour force), ILO modelled estimate via World Bank source |
| finance | YELLOW · partial | account ownership (% age 15+), World Bank Findex source |
| environment | GREEN · ingested | forest area (% of land area), World Bank/FAO source |
| trade | GREEN · ingested | trade (% of GDP), World Bank source |
| migration | YELLOW · partial | net migration (5-year estimate), World Bank/UN source |
| tourism | YELLOW · partial | international tourist arrivals, World Bank/UNWTO source |
| housing | YELLOW · partial | urban population (% of total), World Bank; not a housing-cost or tenure measure source |
| transport | YELLOW · partial | air passengers carried, World Bank/ICAO; one mode only source |
| investment | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full FDI/investment corpus. source |
| remittances | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full WB/IMF remittance corpus. source |
| health_finance | YELLOW · partial | stale data (2023) 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full WHO GHED health-finance corpus. source |
| budget | YELLOW · partial | stale data (2021) 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full national budget/tender corpus. source |
| treaty | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full UNTC treaty-text corpus. source |
Related in this region
Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Aruba Bahamas, The Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil
Backlinks
Department pages with measured records for Peru:
patents legal alerts defense space maps research economy health education energy water connectivity crime conflict business science prison interpol arms sanctions agriculture food labor finance environment trade migration tourism housing transport investment remittances health_finance budget treaty
patents recipes legal alerts defense space passport research
Cite this page
Peru (PE). go-v.org estate, https://estate.116.202.234.183.nip.io/pe. Data: World Bank Open Data, OpenAlex, WIPO, Natural Earth, OpenStreetMap. Accessed 2026-11-08.