Palau PW
East Asia & Pacific · High income · capital Koror
- Population
- 17,663
- 2025
- GDP
- $345,000,000
- 2025
- Life expectancy
- 69.4 y
- 2024
In the live services
| corpus | rows for this country |
|---|---|
| legal | 1 |
Geospatial extent
Bounding box 131.13°–134.73° E, 2.95°–8.10° N · centroid 5.52, 132.93 · source natural-earth-1:110m
Map © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Extent only; no cadastre or address data.
Top research institutions
- Palau International Coral Reef Center — 195 works · ROR · site
- Coral Reef Research Foundation — 164 works · ROR · site
- Republic of Palau Ministry of Health — 155 works · ROR · site
- Palau Community College — 36 works · ROR · site
- Palau Automated Land and Resources Information System — 3 works · ROR · site
OpenAlex works counts; not a quality ranking.
Legal system
mixed system of civil, common, and customary law
CIA World Factbook (factbook.json)
Measured indicators
| indicator | value | year | source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural land (% of land) | 9.3 | 2024 | World Bank |
| airline_routes_departures | 10.0 | 2026 | OpenFlights route database |
| airports_openflights | 1.0 | 2026 | OpenFlights airport database |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) | 7,000,000.0 | 2020 | World Bank |
| arrivals | 18,400.0 | 2020 | World Bank ST.INT.ARVL |
| atm_per_100k | 56.1 | 2017 | World Bank FB.ATM.TOTL.P5 |
| bachelors_attainment_pct | 14.7 | 2020 | World Bank SE.TER.CUAT.BA.ZS |
| basic_water_pct | 99.5 | 2024 | World Bank |
| budget_debt_pct_gdp | 85.2 | 2019 | World Bank |
| budget_expense_pct_gdp | 59.0 | 2020 | World Bank |
| central_gov_debt_pct_gdp | 85.2 | 2019 | World Bank GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS |
| che_gdp_pct | 10.9 | 2023 | WHO Global Health Observatory GHED_CHEGDP_SHA2011 |
| che_per_capita_usd | 1,683.8 | 2023 | WHO Global Health Observatory GHED_CHE_pc_US_SHA2011 |
| clean_fuels_cooking | 96.0 | 2024 | World Bank EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS |
| container_port_traffic | 16,399.0 | 2019 | World Bank IS.SHP.GOOD.TU |
| container_traffic_teu | 2.5 | 2021 | World Bank IS.SHP.GCNW.XQ |
| cpi | 160.8 | 2025 | World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL |
| cts_homicide_count | 2.0 | 2018 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| cts_homicide_rate | 11.2 | 2018 | UNODC Crime Trends Survey (CTS) member-state responses, data.unodc.org bulk download (keyless) |
| Ease of doing business rank (archived DB2020) | 145.0 | 2020 | World Bank Doing Business archive (DB2020 revised, project discontinued 2021) |
| Ease of doing business score (archived DB2020) | 53.7 | 2020 | World Bank Doing Business archive (DB2020 revised, project discontinued 2021) |
| dentists_per_10k | 66.1 | 2023 | WHO Global Health Observatory HWF_0006 |
| Emigrants living abroad (UN DESA 2020) | 1,270.0 | 2020 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2020 (bulk xlsx) |
| International migrant stock (UN DESA 2020) | 2,200.0 | 2020 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2020 (bulk xlsx) |
| dpt_immun_pct | 97.0 | 2024 | World Bank SH.IMM.IDPT |
| education_spend_pct_gdp | 3.4 | 2023 | World Bank World Development Indicators (2026) |
| Access to electricity (%) | 100.0 | 2024 | World Bank |
| electricity_access_rural | 100.0 | 2024 | World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.RU.ZS |
| electricity_access_urban | 100.0 | 2024 | World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS |
| eu_sanctions_count | 0.0 | 2026-10-26 | EU sanctions targets snapshot 2026-10-26 (via sanctions.db) |
| exports_pct | 32.7 | 2024 | World Bank NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS |
| exports_usd | 105,728,304.0 | 2024 | UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (keyless download, 2026-01 upload) |
| Airports (Factbook) | 3.0 | 2025 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Budget expenditures (US$, Factbook) | 152,398,000.0 | 2020 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Budget revenues (US$, Factbook) | 127,757,000.0 | 2020 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Current account balance (US$, Factbook) | 135,428,000.0 | 2022 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Drinking water access, urban (%, Factbook) | 99.6 | 2022 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Education expenditure (% national budget, Factbook) | 3.5 | 2023 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Electricity access (%, Factbook) | 100.0 | 2022 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Exports (US$, Factbook) | 24,480,000.0 | 2022 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Fixed telephone lines (Factbook) | 8,000.0 | 2023 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Real GDP growth (%, Factbook) | 1.9 | 2023 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| GDP, official exchange rate (Factbook) | 281,849,000.0 | 2023 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| GDP per capita, PPP (int'l $, Factbook) | 15,800.0 | 2023 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| GDP, PPP (US$, Factbook) | 280,025,000.0 | 2023 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Health expenditure (% national budget, Factbook) | 16.4 | 2021 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Imports (US$, Factbook) | 216,681,000.0 | 2022 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Infant mortality (per 1,000, Factbook) | 10.6 | 2025 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Inflation, consumer prices (Factbook) | 2.2 | 2024 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Internet users (% pop., Factbook) | 27.0 | 2004 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Life expectancy (years, Factbook) | 75.2 | 2024 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Merchant marine vessels (Factbook) | 427.0 | 2023 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Mobile subscriptions (Factbook) | 24,000.0 | 2023 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Public debt (% of GDP, Factbook) | 85.2 | 2019 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| Sanitation access, urban (%, Factbook) | 99.1 | 2022 | CIA World Factbook (US Government work, public domain, factbook.json) |
| faostat_FS_210071F_61321_20212023 | 0.1 | 20212023 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071F_61321_20222024 | 0.1 | 20222024 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071F_61321_20232025 | 0.1 | 20232025 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071F_61322_20212023 | 0.1 | 20212023 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071F_61322_20222024 | 0.1 | 20222024 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071F_61322_20232025 | 0.1 | 20232025 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071F_6132_20212023 | 0.1 | 20212023 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071F_6132_20222024 | 0.1 | 20222024 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071F_6132_20232025 | 0.1 | 20232025 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071M_61321_20212023 | 0.1 | 20212023 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071M_61321_20222024 | 0.1 | 20222024 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071M_61321_20232025 | 0.1 | 20232025 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071M_61322_20212023 | 0.1 | 20212023 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071M_61322_20222024 | 0.1 | 20222024 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071M_61322_20232025 | 0.1 | 20232025 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071M_6132_20212023 | 0.1 | 20212023 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071M_6132_20222024 | 0.1 | 20222024 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071M_6132_20232025 | 0.1 | 20232025 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071_61321_20212023 | 0.1 | 20212023 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071_61321_20222024 | 0.1 | 20222024 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071_61321_20232025 | 0.1 | 20232025 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071_61322_20212023 | 0.1 | 20212023 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071_61322_20222024 | 0.1 | 20222024 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071_61322_20232025 | 0.1 | 20232025 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| faostat_FS_210071_6132_20212023 | 0.1 | 20212023 | FAOSTAT Suite of Food Security Indicators (FS), All Data Normalized bulk, 2026-07-10 |
| showing 80 of 5,749 measured series — full list: CSV · JSON | |||
Language
English canonical body. 249 name labels held (Wikidata). Missing languages are absent, not machine-translated.
- ab Палау
- ace Palau
- aeb-arab پالاو
- af Palau
- am ፐላው
- ami Palau
- an Palau
- ang Palau
- anp पालाउ
- ar بالاو
- ary پالاو
- arz بالاو
- ast Paláu
- avk Belaua
- az Palau
- azb پالاو
- ba Палау
- ban Palau
- bar Palau
- bcl Palau
- be Палау
- be-tarask Палаў
- bew Palau
- bg Палау
- bi Palau
- bjn Palau
- bn পালাউ
- bo པ་ལའུ།
- bpy পালাউ
- br Palau
- bs Palau
- bxr Палау
- ca Palau
- cbk-zam Palau
- cdo Palau
- ce Палау
- ceb Palau
- cho Palau
- chr ᏆᎴᎠᏫ
- chy Palau
- ckb پالاو
- co Pelau
- crh Palau
- crh-latn Palau
- cs Palau
- cv Палау
- cy Palaw
- da Palau
- dag Palau
- de Palau
- de-at Palau
- de-ch Palau
- diq Palau
- dty पलाउ
- dv ޕަލާއޫ
- dz པ་ལཱཝ།
- el Παλάου
- en Palau
- en-ca Palau
- eo Palaŭo
- es Palaos
- et Belau
- eu Palau
- ext Palau
- fa پالائو
- fi Palau
- fj Palau
- fo Palau
- fr Palaos
- frp Palaos
- frr Paalau
- fy Palau
- ga Palau
- gag Palau
- gcr Palaos
- gd Palau
- gl Palau
- glk پالاؤ
- gn Paláu
- gom पलाऊ
- gom-deva पलाऊ
- gom-latn Palau
- got 𐍀𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿
- gpe Palau
- gsw Palau
- gu પલાઉ
- gv Palau
- ha Palau
- hak Palau
- he פלאו
- hi पलाउ
- hif Palau
- hr Palau
- hsb Palau
- ht Palao
- hu Palau
- hy Պալաու
- ia Palau
- id Palau
- ie Palau
- ik Palau
- ilo Palau
- inh Палау
- io Palau
- is Palaú
- it Palau
- ja パラオ
- jam Palau
- jv Palau
- ka პალაუ
- kaa Palau
- kcg Pa̱la̱u
- kge Palau
- kk Палау Республикасы
- km ប៉ាឡាវ
- kn ಪಲಾವು
- ko 팔라우
- krc Палау
- krj Kapalauhan
- ksh Palau
- ku Palau
- kv Палау
- kw Palau
- ky Палау
- la Palau
- lad Palau
- lb Palau
- lfn Belau
- li Palau
- lij Palau
- lld Palau
- lmo Palau
- lt Palau
- lv Palau
- lzh 帛琉
- mg Palao
- mhr Палау
- mi Pārau
- min Palau
- mk Палау
- ml പലാവു
- mn Палау
- mni ꯄꯥꯂꯥꯎ
- mr पलाउ
- mrj Палау
- ms Palau
- mt Palau
- my ပလောင်းနိုင်ငံ
- mzn پالائو
- na Parau
- nah Palaos
- nan Palau
- nb Palau
- nds Palau
- ne पालाउ
- new पलाउ
- nl Palau
- nn Palau
- nov Palau
- nup Palau
- oc Belau
- olo Palau
- or ପଲାଓ
- os Палау
- pa ਪਲਾਊ
- pam Palau
- pap Palau
- pcd Palaos
- pi पलाऊ
- pih Palau
- pl Palau
- pms Palau
- pnb پالاو
- ps پالايو
- pt Palau
- pt-br Palau
- qu Palaw
- rki ပလောင်းသမ္မတနိုင်ငံ
- rm Palau
- ro Palau
- ru Палау
- rw Palawu
- sah Палау
- sat ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣ
- sc Palau (istadu)
- scn Palau
- sco Palau
- sd پالائو
- se Palau
- sgs Palau
- sh Palau
- shn မိူင်းပႃႇလၢဝ်း
- si පලාවු
- sk Palau
- sl Palav
- sm Palau
- smn Palau
- sms Palau
- sn Palau
- so Balau
- sq Palau
- sr Палау
- su Palau
- sv Palau
- sw Palau
- szl Palau
- szy Palau
- ta பலாவு
- tay Palau
- te పలావు
- tg Палау
- th ประเทศปาเลา
- tk Palau
- tl Palaw
- to Palau
- tok ma telo Pela
- tr Palau
- trv Poryo
- tt Палау
- tum Palau
- ty Parau
- udm Палау
- ug پالاۋ
- uk Палау
- ur پلاؤ
- uz Palau
- vec Palau
- vep Palau
- vi Palau
- vo Palauvuäns
- vro Belau
- war Palau
- wo Palau
- wuu 帛琉
- xal Паламудин Орн
- xmf პალაუ
- yo Páláù
- yue 帛琉
- za Palau
- zea Palau
- zh 帛琉
- zh-cn 帕劳
- zh-hans 帕劳
- zh-hant 帛琉
- zh-hk 帕勞
- zh-mo 帕勞
- zh-sg 帕劳
- zh-tw 帛琉
- zu i-Palau
Lane coverage
| lane | status | what exists |
|---|---|---|
| patents · service | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 patent-document corpus (0%); only patent-count series present. Missing: full national patent-office document corpus. source |
| legal · service | YELLOW · partial | 1 primary-law documents, 0 with full text mirrored (newest 1992); corpus covers this jurisdiction's official texts, not every instrument ever made source |
| alerts · service | GREEN · ingested | 0 alerts in current GDACS/USGS window (measured, not an all-clear). | 2026-10-29 audit: VERIFIED COMPLETE — full current GDACS (125) + USGS (284) window (409 alert rows) with per-record metadata. Kept green. source |
| defense · service | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 defense record corpus (0%); only SIPRI/World Bank series present. Missing: full UNROCA/SIPRI/DoD award records. source |
| space · service | YELLOW · partial | no orbital launch site in this country in the GCAT launch log (1942-2026) source |
| maps · service | GREEN · ingested | Natural Earth 1:10m boundary + centroid + bbox area computed (18.5 deg2); no cadastre, address data or navigation map. GADM L0 fallback: ok (gadm41_PLW_0.json). | 2026-10-29 audit: VERIFIED COMPLETE — Natural Earth 1:10m boundary + GADM L0 fallback for every mapped country; complete geodata record set. Kept green. source |
| passport · service | GLOBAL · service live | pass.go-v.org is live; per-country identity documents are NOT ingested source |
| research · service | GREEN · ingested | 196 scholarly works since 2021 with authoring institutions here (OpenAlex); a publication index, not a quality ranking source |
| economy · service | GREEN · ingested | GDP per capita, current US$ (World Bank); not a cost-of-living or inequality measure source |
| health · service | GREEN · ingested | life expectancy at birth, World Bank; not a health system performance rating source |
| education · service | YELLOW · partial | primary school enrolment (% gross), World Bank; tertiary data is shown when available source |
| energy · service | GREEN · ingested | access to electricity (% of population), World Bank source |
| water · service | YELLOW · partial | at least basic drinking water (% of population), World Bank/WHO; safely managed data shown when available source |
| connectivity · service | YELLOW · partial | fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people, World Bank/ITU; internet-user share shown when available source |
| crime | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 0 numeric UNODC/OWID crime series rows only. Missing: full UNODC CTS offence/incident records. source |
| conflict | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full UCDP/GDELT event corpus. source |
| business | YELLOW · partial | stale data (2020) 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full company/enterprise registry corpus. source |
| science | GREEN · ingested | OpenAlex institutions snapshot 2026-10: 5 institutions, works counted per country; CC0 1.0. source |
| prison | YELLOW · partial | stale data (2023) 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full World Prison Brief prison corpus. source |
| interpol | YELLOW · partial | 0 public Interpol Red Notices in the ingested snapshot list a national of this country (measured zero for this snapshot; not an absence of crime). source |
| arms | YELLOW · partial | stale data (2020) SIPRI arms-transfer trend indicator values (imports and exports) via the World Bank; TIV is a trend measure, not currency source |
| sanctions | GREEN · ingested | OFAC SDN 9 + UN consolidated 0 + EU 0 designation reference(s), snapshot 2026-10-26; counts are list references (text/code attribution), not convictions or proof of activity; 0 is a measured zero against these three ingested lists | 2026-10-29 audit: VERIFIED COMPLETE — full OFAC SDN (19,471), UN consolidated (1,001) and EU (11,154) designation lists with per-record metadata (snapshot 2026-10-26). Kept green. source |
| agriculture | GREEN · ingested | agricultural land (% of land area), World Bank/FAO source |
| food | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full FAOSTAT food-balance corpus. source |
| labor | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full ILOSTAT labor corpus. source |
| finance | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full IMF/World Bank financial corpus. source |
| environment | GREEN · ingested | forest area (% of land area), World Bank/FAO source |
| trade | GREEN · ingested | trade (% of GDP), World Bank source |
| migration | YELLOW · partial | net migration (5-year estimate), World Bank/UN source |
| tourism | YELLOW · partial | international tourist arrivals, World Bank/UNWTO source |
| housing | YELLOW · partial | urban population (% of total), World Bank; not a housing-cost or tenure measure source |
| transport | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 5 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full transport-network corpus. source |
| investment | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full FDI/investment corpus. source |
| remittances | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full WB/IMF remittance corpus. source |
| health_finance | YELLOW · partial | stale data (2023) 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full WHO GHED health-finance corpus. source |
| budget | YELLOW · partial | stale data (2020) 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full national budget/tender corpus. source |
| treaty | YELLOW · partial | 2026-10-29 audit: demoted green->yellow (SERIES_ONLY). 0 of 1 text corpus (0%); 1 numeric series/indicator(s) only. Missing: full UNTC treaty-text corpus. source |
Related in this region
American Samoa Australia Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China Fiji French Polynesia Guam
Backlinks
Department pages with measured records for Palau:
patents legal alerts defense space maps research economy health education energy water connectivity crime conflict business science prison interpol arms sanctions agriculture food labor finance environment trade migration tourism housing transport investment remittances health_finance budget treaty
patents recipes legal alerts defense space passport research
Cite this page
Palau (PW). go-v.org estate, https://estate.116.202.234.183.nip.io/pw. Data: World Bank Open Data, OpenAlex, WIPO, Natural Earth, OpenStreetMap. Accessed 2026-11-08.